Observe the work

A screen represents only one part of an operational process. Conversations, physical spaces, paper records and informal workarounds can all shape the work around it. Understanding that environment gives interface decisions a practical foundation.

Reduce ambiguity

People should be able to tell what a system knows, what it needs and what action is possible. Consistent labels, legible hierarchy and useful feedback turn a complicated process into a sequence of understandable decisions.

Treat exceptions as part of the design

Missing information, interrupted tasks and unusual requests are normal parts of daily work. Designing these states early helps a product remain useful beyond the ideal demonstration.